Inflammation, Frailty and Cardiovascular Disease

Chronic inflammationInflammation, which is called “inflamm-aging” Aging, is characterized by an increased level of inflammatory cytokinesCytokines in response to physiological and environmental stressors, and causes the immune system to function consistently at a low level, even though it is not effective. Possible causes of inflammagingInflammaging include genetic susceptibility, visceral obesity, changes in gut microbiotaMicrobiota and permeability, chronic infections and cellular senescenceSenescence. InflammationInflammation has a role in the development of many age-related diseases, such as frailtyFrailty. Low grade chronic inflammationInflammation can also increase the risk of atherosclerosisAtherosclerosis and insulin resistanceInsulin resistance which are the leading mechanisms in the development of cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular diseases (CVD). As it is well known that the risk of CVD is higher in olderOlder people with frailtyFrailty and the risk of frailtyFrailty is higher in patients with CVD, there may be relationship between inflammationInflammation and the development of CVD and frailtyFrailty. Therefore, this important issue will be discussed in this chapter.