Fast Room-Temperature Cation Exchange Synthesis of Mn-Doped CsPbCl3 Nanocrystals Driven by Dynamic Halogen Exchange

Currently, it is of great challenge to achieve cation exchange in CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) on account of rigid Pb2+ octahedral coordination protected by six halogen anions (PbX64-). Herein, we demonstrate that dynamic halogen exchange can effectively open up PbX64- octahedrons and enable fast Mn-to-Pb cation exchange at room temperature in a few seconds. Importantly, Cl concentration rather than Mn one is demonstrated to be a dominant factor for cation exchange, where different Mn2+/Cl- salts can be adopted as Mn/Cl sources and Cl-to-Cl or Cl-to-Br anion exchange is the necessary prerequisite. Such a facile synthesizing method can lead to the feasibility of tuning emissive colors for the Mn-doped CsPb(Cl/Br)3 NCs by controlling both cation and anion exchanges and open a new way to replace Pb2+ in CsPbX3 NCs by other nontoxic metal elements.