环境化学
污染
砷
镉
食物链
污染
重金属
环境科学
营养水平
土壤水分
化学
生态学
生物
土壤科学
有机化学
作者
Sandhya Mishra,Ram Naresh Bharagava,Nandkishor More,Ashutosh Yadav,Surabhi Zainith,Sujata Mani,Pankaj Chowdhary
出处
期刊:Springer eBooks
[Springer Nature]
日期:2018-12-07
卷期号:: 103-125
被引量:202
标识
DOI:10.1007/978-981-10-7284-0_5
摘要
Metals naturally exist in the crust of the earth, and their compositions vary among different localities, resulting in structural disparity of surrounding concentrations. Some heavy metals are much important in trace amounts in respect to living organisms related to their metabolic activities. High solubility of various heavy metals changes them into extremely toxic and perilous contaminant of water and soil when discharged by many industrial activities. When these metals are released into the environment, they can be leached into the underground waters, depositing in the aquifers, or run off into surface waters and soils thereby resulting in water and soil pollution. Thus, heavy metals become a potential contaminant for environment that can partake in trophic transfer in food chains. The toxicity of heavy metals mainly depends upon its relative oxidation state, which is responsible for physiological bio-toxic effects. When these metals enter into the living organisms, they, combine with proteins, enzymes, and DNA molecules, form highly stable bio-toxic compounds, thus altering their proper functioning and obstructing them from the bioreactions. Arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead are highly toxic and produce mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects. Hence, this chapter is focused on occurrence and allocation of heavy metals, their toxicological impact on environment, and their possible eco-friendly remedies for green and healthy environment.
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