Layers of bone repair

Biomaterials The repair of osteochondral defects requires proper growth of subchondral bone, articular cartilage, and the interface between them, but current treatments have been more palliative than curative. Kang et al. developed a trilayer scaffold, with variations in the architecture and mineral environment along its depth. The bottom layer was enhanced with calcium phosphate to recruit endogenous cells, whereas the upper two layers were loaded with donor cells to support stratified cartilage formation. When implanted in vivo, these trilayer scaffolds formed osteochondral tissue with a lubricin-rich cartilage surface. Acta Biomater. 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.039 (2018).