Elasticity-oriented design of solid-state batteries: challenges and perspectives

Engineering energy dense electrodes (e.g. lithium metal, conversion cathodes, etc.) with solid electrolytes is important for enhancing the practical energy density of solid-state batteries. However, large electrode volumetric strain can cause significant fracture and delamination, and accelerate degradation. This review discusses transport and chemo-mechanical challenges associated with energy dense solid state batteries. In particular, this review focuses on summarizing work which provides design strategies for implementation on energy dense anodes and cathodes. This review further assesses the properties which impact the elasticity of inorganic solid electrolytes and inorganic/organic hybrid electrolyte. Finally, this review discusses the advanced characterization approaches for analyzing the coupled electrochemistry/transport/mechanical phenomena that occur at buried solid–solid interfaces.