Dynamics of apoptosis‐related gene expression during follicular development in yak

Abstract The potential reproduction power of domestic animals is limited by a complicated follicular atresia process. P53, caspase‐9 (Casp9), Bax, Bcl‐2 and Fas play a crucial role in the ovarian mitochondrion‐dependent apoptosis and death receptor pathway. In accordance with this study, the expression levels of Casp9, Bax, Bcl‐2 and Fas were analysed in ovaries and oviducts of yak by immunohistochemistry (IHC). P53 and the above in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from atretic (3–6 mm) to healthy follicles (6–8 mm) and in oviducts were examined from the luteal phase to the follicular phase during the oestrous circle by Western blot (WB) and real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR). Results demonstrated that typical classic apoptotic factors Casp9, Bax, Bcl‐2 and Fas were expressed in the cytoplasm and zonal pellucida of oocytes, primordial follicles, primary follicles, ovarian surface epithelium, ovarian GCs, granular lutein cells, surface epithelia in oviduct uterotubal junction and oviduct ampulla during the luteal phase. RT‐PCR and WB revealed that P53 and Fas significantly increased in GCs of atretic follicles. P53 and Casp9 increased in oviduct epithelium during the luteal phase, but Fas was unchanged. A contrary tendency was noted in Bcl‐2 and Bax expression. Overall, P53 and Fas play an essential role in inducing GC apoptosis, and Bax, Bcl‐2, Casp9 and P53 are involved in oviduct epithelial regeneration in yak.