Hepatocyte-specific Mas activation enhances lipophagy and fatty acid oxidation to protect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice

•Intrahepatic Mas expression is upregulated in patients with DILI, and mice with APAP-induced liver injury.•Mas1-/- mice are vulnerable to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.•Mas activation shows protective effects in hepatocytes by enhancing lipophagy and FAO, which are dependent on the AKT-FOXO1 axis.•Mas arises as a novel therapeutic target for patients with APAP-induced liver injury. Background & AimsAcetaminophen (APAP) is the most common cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI); however, treatment options are limited. Mas is a G protein-coupled receptor whose role in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity has not yet been examined.MethodsIntrahepatic Mas expression was determined in both human and mouse DILI models. Mas1-/-, AlbcreMas1f/f, Ppara-/-, Mas1-/-Ppara-/- and wild-type mice were challenged with APAP for the in vivo analyses of Mas-AKT-FOXO1 axis-dependent lipophagy and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), using pharmacological compounds and genetic tools. Liver samples were collected for RNA-sequencing, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and metabolic flux analysis. Live-imaging of liver and histological, biochemical, and molecular studies were performed to evaluate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Primary hepatocytes and hepatic cell lines were exposed to APAP for in vitro analysis.ResultsIntrahepatic Mas expression was significantly upregulated in human and mouse DILI models. Mice with systemic, liver-specific, or hepatocyte-specific Mas1 deficiency were vulnerable to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. They exhibited substantially impaired lipophagy and downstream FAO, which was accompanied by the activation of AKT and suppression of FOXO1. In addition, the prophylactic activation of Mas conferred strong protection against APAP challenge in mice, with remarkably enhanced lipophagy and FAO dependent on the AKT-FOXO1 axis. Moreover, the protective effects of AVE0991 were substantially diminished by the inhibition of either lipophagy or FAO.ConclusionsThe activation of Mas on hepatocytes enhanced AKT-FOXO1-dependent lipophagy and downstream FAO, protecting mice from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and indicating that hepatocyte-specific Mas might be a novel therapeutic target for DILI.Impact and implicationsMas signalling arises as a novel therapeutic target for patients with APAP-induced liver injury. The Mas-AKT/FOXO1-fatty acid degradation pathway could be critical for the development of treatment strategies for APAP overdose. When Mas signalling is targeted, the extent of liver injury should be considered at the time of administration. These findings obtained from APAP-challenged mice still need to be confirmed in a clinical context. Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI); however, treatment options are limited. Mas is a G protein-coupled receptor whose role in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity has not yet been examined. Intrahepatic Mas expression was determined in both human and mouse DILI models. Mas1-/-, AlbcreMas1f/f, Ppara-/-, Mas1-/-Ppara-/- and wild-type mice were challenged with APAP for the in vivo analyses of Mas-AKT-FOXO1 axis-dependent lipophagy and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), using pharmacological compounds and genetic tools. Liver samples were collected for RNA-sequencing, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and metabolic flux analysis. Live-imaging of liver and histological, biochemical, and molecular studies were performed to evaluate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Primary hepatocytes and hepatic cell lines were exposed to APAP for in vitro analysis. Intrahepatic Mas expression was significantly upregulated in human and mouse DILI models. Mice with systemic, liver-specific, or hepatocyte-specific Mas1 deficiency were vulnerable to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. They exhibited substantially impaired lipophagy and downstream FAO, which was accompanied by the activation of AKT and suppression of FOXO1. In addition, the prophylactic activation of Mas conferred strong protection against APAP challenge in mice, with remarkably enhanced lipophagy and FAO dependent on the AKT-FOXO1 axis. Moreover, the protective effects of AVE0991 were substantially diminished by the inhibition of either lipophagy or FAO. The activation of Mas on hepatocytes enhanced AKT-FOXO1-dependent lipophagy and downstream FAO, protecting mice from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and indicating that hepatocyte-specific Mas might be a novel therapeutic target for DILI.