Ultrasound Extraction of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus Active Ingredients and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities

Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF), both medicinal and edible, contains many active compositions, including phenolics, flavonoids and triterpenoids. In this study, the response surface method was used to optimize the ultrasound extraction (UE) of the active ingredients in AOF. Under optimal UE conditions (ethanol content of 60% (v/v), solid-liquid ratio of 1:40, extraction 4 times), the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total triterpene content (TTC) were 11.92 mg GAE/g DW, 15.37 mg RE/g DW and 58.04 mg UAE/g DW, respectively. The 8 major compounds in AOF extracts were identified and quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTrap-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Compared with BWE and IE, the AOF extracts obtained by the UE based on optimal parameters had higher TPC, TFC and TTC, and showed better antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity and enzyme inhibition activity.