原花青素
没食子酸
体外
化学
半胱氨酸
体内
解聚
炎症
药理学
生物化学
没食子酸表没食子酸酯
硫酸化
甲基化
多酚
核化学
生物
免疫学
酶
有机化学
抗氧化剂
生物技术
基因
作者
Yanxia Yu,Chao Zuo,Mingrui Li,Yuan‐Yuan Tang,Lingxi Li,Fang Wang,Shuting Zhang,Baoshan Sun
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05616
摘要
In this study, an effective method for preparation of bioactive galloylated procyanidin B2-3′-O-gallate (B2-3′-G) was first developed by incomplete depolymerization of grape seed polymeric procyanidins (PPCs) using l-cysteine (Cys) in the presence of citric acid. The structure–activity relationship of B2-3′-G was further evaluated in vitro through establishing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. The results suggested that the better protective effects of B2-3′-G against inflammation were attributed to its polymerization degree and the introduction of the galloyl group, compared to its four corresponding structural units. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the B2-3′-G prototype was distributed in plasma, small intestine, liver, lung, and brain. Remarkably, B2-3′-G was able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier and appeared to play an important role in improving brain health. Furthermore, a total of 18 metabolites were identified in tissues. Potential metabolic pathways, including reduction, methylation, hydration, desaturation, glucuronide conjugation, and sulfation, were suggested.
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