蒸腾作用
分生孢子
表皮(毛发)
苹果黑星病
白粉病
生物
inaequalis文丘里亚
高光谱成像
园艺
植物
孢子
穿孔
材料科学
光合作用
解剖
遥感
杀菌剂
地质学
冶金
冲孔
作者
Erich-Christian Oerke,Ulrike Steiner
摘要
Effects of Venturia inaequalis on water relations of apple leaves were studied under controlled conditions without limitation of water supply to elucidate their impact on the non-haustorial biotrophy of this pathogen. Leaf water relations, namely leaf water content and transpiration, were spatially resolved by hyperspectral imaging and thermography; non-imaging techniques-gravimetry, a pressure chamber, and porometry-were used for calibration and validation. Reduced stomatal transpiration 3-4 d after inoculation coincided with a transient increase of water potential. Perforation of the plant cuticle by protruding conidiophores subsequently increased cuticular transpiration even before visible symptoms occurred. With sufficient water supply, cuticular transpiration remained at elevated levels for several weeks. Infections did not affect the leaf water content before scab lesions became visible. Only hyperspectral imaging was suitable to demonstrate that a decreased leaf water content was strictly limited to sites of emerging conidiophores and that cuticle porosity increased with sporulation. Microscopy confirmed marginal cuticle injury; although perforated, it tightly surrounded the base of conidiophores throughout sporulation and restricted water loss. The role of sustained redirection of water flow to the pathogen's hyphae in the subcuticular space above epidermal cells, to facilitate the acquisition and uptake of nutrients by V. inaequalis, is discussed.
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