Progress in etching-driven MXene synthesis and utilization in conductive inks for printed electronics applications: A comprehensive review

Printed flexible electronics, developed through additive manufacturing techniques, aim to be a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and durable alternative to contemporary electronics. Conductive inks play a crucial role in printed electronic applications. Despite the availability of various conductive inks, there are persistent challenges, such as the use of toxic chemicals, low productivity, and complex production procedures, limiting their broader application due to the reduced financial viability of the resulting conductive inks. This comprehensive review provides essential information and requirements for the formulation of conductive inks in the context of printed flexible electronics. This review offers a summary of previous studies on etching-driven MXenes and their conductive ink formulations, highlighting the use of various solvents, including water, for environmentally friendly practices. Various applications of printed electronics are discussed. Additionally, this review addresses current challenges in the formulation of MXene-based conductive inks and provides recommendations for future research. MXenes are widely used in the development of various printed electronic devices. As a result, it can be concluded that MXene-based conductive inks are appropriate candidates for printed electronics applications due to their hydrophilic properties and high electrical conductivity.