How did submarine volcanic eruptions interact with organic matter to favour hydrocarbon generation in the Bohai Bay Basin, China?

Based on the geological and geochemical analysis of volcanic rock and their surrounding rocks, combined with palaeontological data and hydrocarbon generation thermal simulation experiments, the mechanism of the impact of volcanic eruptions on the formation of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation in the Dongying Depression is investigated. According to the results, underwater volcanic eruptions play a significant role in promoting biological eruptions and water stratification by introducing heat, minerals, and metal elements. The formation of the basalt source rock symbiotic association went through three evolutionary stages, which were underwater eruption, late eruption, and normal sedimentation. These stages have influenced the generation of hydrocarbons from organic matter in the following ways: (1) The organic acid released from the source rock dissolves the adjacent basalt, and the transitional metal elements in the basalt become activated and enter the source rock, which catalyses the hydrocarbon generation from the source rock. (2) Alteration of olivine in basalt releases hydrogen, improving hydrocarbon generation efficiency of source rock. (3) The existence of a large number of carbonates improves the hydrocarbon generation rate and efficiency of source rocks and reduces the hydrocarbon generation threshold of source rocks.