Magnetic covalent organic frameworks-based adsorbents in solid phase extraction of trace analytes in environmental samples

Magnetic covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) are a new class of emerging material as a super-effective magnetic adsorbent in analytical chemistry, particularly for environmental analysis, due to their outstanding features such as special morphology, cost-effective synthesis, chemical and thermal stability, a large specific surface area, high adsorption capacity, strong π-π interactions with analytes, uniform pore size, high reusability, and facile magnetic recovery. Based on the current research, after describing the diverse synthesis methods of MCOFs with various geometries that give them their unique physicochemical properties, this review emphasizes the great potential applications of MCOFs as an adsorbent in the magnetic solid phase extraction method in environmental analysis for pesticide residues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, drugs, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, heavy metal ions, marine biotoxin, and other environmental contaminants. In addition, difficulties and future prospects in the development of MCOFs for environmental analysis have been examined.