Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Shell Thickness-Dependent X-Ray Excited Optical and Persistent Luminescence in Lanthanide-Doped Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Lanthanide doped fluoride nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit tunable X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) and X-ray excited persistent luminescence (XEPL) properties, demonstrating promising applications in X-ray imaging. However, the mechanisms underlying shell...