Direct methanol fuel cells-status, challenges and prospects

The status of direct methanol fuel cell technology with respect to power density, efficiency and integrated system operation have been summarized. The key challenge in improving power density is combining with operation at low air flow rates in order to maintain a water balance, and achieve attractive system mass and size. Improved catalysts and membranes with low methanol permeability are key to achieving these improvements. Challenges relating to miniature DMFC for battery replacement are discussed. Possibilities of reduction in catalyst and membrane cost suggest that premium power applications (100 W-5 kW) could be an early point of entry for DMFC into commercial markets.