Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and hydrogen polysulfides (H 2 S n , n >1) are endogenous regulators of many physiological processes. In order to better understand the symbiotic relationship and cellular cross‐talk between H 2 S and H 2 S n , it is highly desirable to develop single fluorescent probes which enable dual‐channel discrimination between H 2 S and H 2 S n . Herein, we report the rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of the first dual‐detection fluorescent probe DDP‐1 that can visualize H 2 S and H 2 S n with different fluorescence signals. The probe showed high selectivity and sensitivity to H 2 S and H 2 S n in aqueous media and in cells.