Near infrared-driven photocatalytic overall water splitting: Progress and perspective

The conversion of solar energy into clean and sustainable hydrogen (H2) fuel from water using simple and cost-effective photocatalytic technologies is one of the most potential ways for achieving carbon neutrality. However, the near-infrared (NIR) region of solar spectrum, which encompasses approximately half of the total solar photon flux, remains an abundant energy source that is currently underutilized. The exploration of NIR-active photocatalysts for solar overall water splitting, as highlighted here, represents not only a momentous breakthrough towards sustainable H2 generation, but also initiates a new chapter in the realm of artificial photosynthesis. In this review, we delve into the latest advancements in material design and engineering of NIR-active and full-spectrum-responsive photocatalysts for solar overall water splitting, highlighting their current status and potential impact. A primary focus is on gaining a fundamental understanding of the intricate relationship between material characteristics, catalytic properties, and functional mechanisms underlying the NIR-driven water splitting process. Furthermore, we outline the challenges and future prospects for further exploiting the vast potential of NIR-activated photocatalysts in solar overall water splitting.