Topologically protected boundary transport is a promising route to realize robust quantum manipulation between distant nodes. Conventional topological transports require a long transmission time to meet adiabatic evolution, which unfortunately becomes a significant obstacle for practical quantum systems with decoherence. Here, we report a fast and robust phonon transfer by breaking this adiabatic limitation in a one-dimensional nanomechanical topological interface lattice. The high-fidelity nonadiabatic topological transfer (NTT) can be predicted accurately via the localized mode and bulk levels. A dynamical method is then put forward to characterize the nonadiabatic oscillation of the NTT according to the chiral symmetry, and the oscillation of the instantaneous adiabaticity is measured by the phonon population on the even nanomechanical resonators. Furthermore, we confirm the robustness under various noises and the scalability of the NTT. Our results open the door to accelerating topological transport, which is valuable for developing fast and robust quantum information transfer protocols.