How to Determine the Time-Intervals of Two-Stage Warning Systems in Different Traffic Densities? An Investigation on the Takeover Process in Automated Driving

预警系统 计算机科学 区间(图论) 过程(计算) 阶段(地层学) 模拟 实时计算 电信 数学 生物 操作系统 组合数学 古生物学
作者
Wei Zhang,Shu Ma,Zhen Yang,Changxu Wu,Hongting Li,Jinlei Shi
出处
期刊:Lecture Notes in Computer Science 卷期号:: 406-422
标识
DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-35389-5_28
摘要

In level 3 automated driving, the warning systems played a critical role in reminding drivers who were engaging in non-driving-related tasks to take over the vehicle when the automated driving system met difficulties that exceed its capacity. The two-stage warning systems, which provided a time-interval between the first and the second warnings, compensated for deficiencies of the single-stage warning systems in inadequate motor preparation and situation awareness. However, the effectiveness of different lengths of time-intervals in different traffic densities remains unclear. The present study conducted an experiment to investigate different time-intervals (3 s, 5 s, 7 s, and 9 s) and traffic density levels (low: 0 vehicle /km and high: 20 vehicles/ km) on the drivers' motor readiness, situation awareness, takeover performance, and subjective ratings. Results suggested that 5 s and 7 s (compared with 3 s and 9 s) were two favored time-intervals in general but the drivers' response patterns and the beneficial aspects of time-intervals varied for driving environments with different traffic density levels. The findings of the present study had implications for the design and application of the two-stage warning systems.
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