Lithium-ion to sodium-ion batteries transitioning: Trends, analysis and innovative technologies prospects in EV application

Abstract This review provides an in-depth analysis of the evolving trends and advancements in transitioning from lithium-ion (Li-ion) to Sodium-ion (Na-ion) battery technologies within the electric vehicle (EV) industry. It examines the current state and future prospects of Li-ion batteries, highlighting their technological advancements and continued dominance in the market. The work explores the rising relevance of Na-ion batteries, detailing their present applications and potential future impact on the EV sector.. A bibliometric analysis sheds light on the research landscape, major contributors, and key findings related to Na-ion batteries. Comparative assessments between Li-ion and Na-ion technologies are conducted to evaluate their performance, energy storage capabilities, and application suitability. The review additionally addresses the worldwide adoption of Na-ion batteries, driven by initiatives to achieve net zero emissions, regulatory support, and their advantages over traditional Li-ion batteries. Furthermore, it addresses the limitations of Li-ion technology and explores alternative battery chemistries that could alleviate pressure on critical mineral supplies. The article concludes with a future outlook on Na-ion batteries, emphasizing their potential to transform EV technology and contribute to sustainable energy solutions.