In-situ growth of magnetic nanoparticles on honeycomb-like porous carbon nanofibers as lightweight and efficient microwave absorbers

材料科学 复合材料 纳米颗粒 介电损耗 反射损耗 磁性纳米粒子 微观结构 电介质 纳米技术 光电子学 复合数
作者
Yifan Wang,Xinghai Zhou,Han Lu,Xi-ya Shan,Wen-qi Cui,Lin Zhu,Yuan Gao,Shangru Zhai,Lihua Lyu,Yongping Liao
出处
期刊:Ceramics International [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:49 (22): 35476-35487 被引量:15
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.08.226
摘要

To achieve the goal of both lightweight and strong absorption, tailoring the microstructure and components of microwave absorber had been regarded as a promising method. Herein, in-situ growth of magnetic Ni nanoparticles on honeycomb-like porous carbon nanofibers were prepared by electro-blowing spinning and subsequent high-temperature pyrolysis technique. The honeycomb-like porous structure of carbon nanofibers was formed by the decomposition of pore forming agent PTFE nanoparticles during carbonization process, and the effects of PTFE content on the specific surface area and pore size distribution were systematically studied. Simultaneously, the magnetic Ni nanoparticles were in-situ formed and homogenously dispersed in the fiber skeleton. The obtained fibers were connected into a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected macroscopic network, which could form an electrically conductive network to enhance the conductive loss, and induce multiple reflecting and scattering to consume electromagnetic waves. The honeycomb-like porous structure with large specific surface area could shorten the impedance gap with free space and endow the absorber with light-weight feature. In addition, the in-situ growth magnetic Ni nanoparticles introduced additional magnetic loss, which was also benefit to improve the impedance matching. Moreover, the formed heterojunctions at the interface of magnetic Ni nanoparticles and carbon nanofibers triggered intensive interfacial polarization. Under the synergistic effect of magnetic-dielectric loss, appropriate impedance matching, strong interfacial polarization and multiple reflecting and scattering, the optimal sample of Ni/PCNF-2 presented an excellent microwave absorption performance with the minimum RL of −40.48 dB at 1.5 mm thickness, and the effective absorption bandwidth reached to 4.0 GHz.
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