Application of biomarker-derived fluorescent probes for the detection of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, resulting in cognitive decline and neuronal loss. Furthermore, in the current investigation, AD encompasses various biomarkers apart from the accumulation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The use of fluorescent probes has revolutionized the detection of biomarkers of AD, and has become an indispensable tool in AD research. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the detection of AD using fluorescent probes targeting various substrates, such as proteins, gas signals, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and metal ions. The advantages and disadvantages of using fluorescent probes for AD detection are also discussed. This review aims to provide practical approaches and inspiration to researchers in the fields of analytical chemistry and materials science for the development of novel strategies in fluorescence probe design for AD detection.