Low-carbon planning and optimization of the integrated energy system considering lifetime carbon emissions

The optimization of the near-zero/negative emission integrated energy system (IES) is an important technology for achieving carbon emission peak and neutrality targets. However, most research only focused on the zero or negative emission operation of an IES, while ignoring the carbon emissions during the system equipment configuration stage. To address this problem, a two-stage low-carbon planning optimization model for integrated energy system has been developed. In the first stage, investment costs and lifetime carbon emissions are considered in capacity configuration. In the second stage, a max-min robust model is used to realize minimizing operation costs and maximum uncertainty user loads. Based on weather data of urban Urumqi, lifetime carbon emissions of the IES are optimized and greenhouse payback time (GPBT) is calculated. In the optimal results, wind power capacity is less than 1.1% of photovoltaic (PV) capacity. When the carbon price is 0.04 CNY/kg, it is infeasible to achieve greenhouse gas payback time (GPBT) for the system. When price increases to 0.14 CNY/kg, 0.24 CNY/kg, 0.34 CNY/kg, and 0.44 CNY/kg, respectively, it is feasible for IES realize GPBT at durations of 25 years, 19.9 years, 16.8 years, and 15.7 years, respectively. And the capacity of photovoltaic increases rapidly with the increasing carbon price. Those findings indicates that low-carbon value of photovoltaic is more than wind power in urban Urumqi. To realize feasible GPBT, carbon price should greater than 0.14 CNY/kg. This research provides a method to realize IES low-carbon planning and GPBT calculation. Using this method could reduce carbon emissions and realize feasible greenhouse gas payback.