Chromosome-level genome assembly of hadal snailfish reveals mechanisms of deep-sea adaptation in vertebrates

生物 适应(眼睛) 静水压力 进化生物学 基因复制 脊椎动物 极端环境 基因 遗传学 热力学 物理 神经科学 细菌
作者
Wen-Jie Xu,Chenglong Zhu,Xueli Gao,Baosheng Wu,Xu Han,Mingliang Hu,Honghui Zeng,Xiaoni Gan,Chenguang Feng,Jiangmin Zheng,Jing Bo,Lisheng He,Qiang Qiu,Wen Wang,Shunping He,Kun Wang
出处
期刊:eLife [eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.]
卷期号:12
标识
DOI:10.7554/elife.87198
摘要

As the deepest vertebrate in the ocean, the hadal snailfish (Pseudoliparis swirei), which lives at a depth of 6,000-8,000 m, is a representative case for studying adaptation to extreme environments. Despite some preliminary studies on this species in recent years, including their loss of pigmentation, visual and skeletal calcification genes, and the role of trimethylamine N-oxide in adaptation to high-hydrostatic pressure, it is still unknown how they evolved and why they are among the few vertebrate species that have successfully adapted to the deep-sea environment. Using genomic data from different trenches, we found that the hadal snailfish may have entered and fully adapted to such extreme environments only in the last few million years. Meanwhile, phylogenetic relationships show that they spread into different trenches in the Pacific Ocean within a million years. Comparative genomic analysis has also revealed that the genes associated with perception, circadian rhythms, and metabolism have been extensively modified in the hadal snailfish to adapt to its unique environment. More importantly, the tandem duplication of a gene encoding ferritin significantly increased their tolerance to reactive oxygen species, which may be one of the important factors in their adaptation to high-hydrostatic pressure.

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