Determination of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a prognostic biomarker of acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is currently known as an acute phase protein and implicated in acute brain injury. Herein, we sought to gauge serum NGAL level in patients after acute (<24 h) spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and to investigate its relation to neurological outcome. Serum NGAL levels were measured in 106 patients and 106 controls. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, ICH score and hematoma volume were recorded for assessing hemorrhagic severity. An unfavorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale >2 at 90 days. As opposed to the controls, the patients had significantly raised serum NGAL levels. Correlations were observed between NGAL levels and serum C-reactive protein levels, blood glucose levels, GCS score, NIHSS score, ICH score and ICH volume. Multivariate analysis identified serum NGAL as a predictor for unfavorable outcome at 90 days. It also showed high prognostic ability under receiver operating characteristic curve. Enhanced NGAL level is revealed after acute spontaneous ICH, in association with inflammatory degree and hemorrhagic severity, and intimately correlated with a worse prognosis.