Phyllosphere microbiome: modern prospectus and application

Abstract Phyllosphere is an abode for different kinds of microorganisms. Recent developments in the advancements of molecular and computational tools, high-throughput screening procedures, and amalgamation of omics techniques have significantly enhanced the understanding of phyllosphere-associated microbial communities in relation to their structural, functional, and ecological properties. Several research findings indicated that phyllosphere microbiome has played an important role in sustaining crop growth and health management by regulating plant physiological processes under ever-changing environmental conditions. Briefly, the current chapter provides an overview of current understanding on the diversity of phyllosphere microbiome, microbial engagements linked with phyllosphere colonization, and further addresses the significance of phyllosphere microbiome in enhancing plants’ tolerance to withstand various biotic and abiotic stress conditions in the current facet of climate change. Besides this, efforts have been made to highlight approaches and emerging areas for future research on phyllosphere microbiome in the context of sustainable agriculture.