The purpose of this paper is to explore how MySQL database technology can be used to process and analyze agricultural data in order to improve data management efficiency and crop yield. By analyzing existing studies and methods, this paper proposes a novel data processing scheme based on MySQL and verifies its effectiveness through experiments. In the processing speed evaluation experiment, when the word data size increased from 100000 to 5 million, the import time based on MySQL database increased from 12 seconds to 580 seconds, and the query time increased from 1.2 seconds to 72 seconds. And the query accuracy always remains above 99%. The experimental results show that this MySQL -based method can effectively improve the speed and accuracy of processing large-scale agricultural data. In addition, we also hope to apply this method to more types of agricultural data processing scenarios to test its adaptability and practicality in different situations.