Excitation-wavelength-dependent persistent luminescence from single-component nonstoichiometric CaGaxO4:Bi for dynamic anti-counterfeiting

Materials capable of dynamic persistent luminescence (PersL) within the visible spectrum are highly sought after for applications in display, biosensing, and information security. However, PersL materials with eye-detectable and excitation-wavelength-dependent characteristics are rarely achieved. Herein, a nonstoichiometric compound CaGa