Non-coding RNA networks in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Background: Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiovascular disease marked by a persistent increase in pulmonary artery resistance and pressure, leading to right ventricular strain, hypertrophy, and eventually right heart failure and death. Despite numerous available targeted therapies, the clinical needs for treating PAH remain unmet. Current treatments primarily aim to dilate pulmonary vessels rather than reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling, failing to offer a fundamental solution for PAH. Therefore, developing new therapies for this condition is urgently required. Summary: Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the occurrence and development of PAH. ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs(lncRNA), circular RNAs (circRNA), microRNAs (miRNA), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA), are a class of transcripts that do not translate proteins but affect various diseases at different levels, including chromatin modification, transcription regulation, post-translational processes. Key Message: The current study delves into recent advancements in understanding how lncRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and piRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of PAH. This review addresses the existing research challenges and explores the potential of ncRNAs as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets, suggesting that ncRNAs may serve as valuable indicators and treatment options for the disease.