Component optimization and microstructure design of carbon nanotube-based microwave absorbing materials: A review

The pollution of electromagnetic waves is becoming increasingly serious, and it is urgent to develop high-performance microwave absorbing materials (MAMs). Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as potential MAMs due to their tunable electromagnetic properties, low density, and excellent mechanical properties. This article reviews the research progress of CNT-based MAMs in recent years. First, the fundamental theory of microwave absorption technology is introduced. Subsequently, the design strategies and synthesis methods of CNT-based MAMs are reviewed from the perspective of material composition and microstructure, as well as their impact on impedance matching and attenuation capabilities. Finally, the current challenges and future development directions of CNT-based MAMs are envisioned. This review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the design technologies of CNT-based MAMs and promote their further innovation.