The Effects of Opioid-Free Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine and Esketamine on Postoperative Anesthetic-Related Complications for Hip Surgery in the Elderly

The routine perioperative use of opioids has recently been questioned due to opioid-related side effects, which can be potentially harmful in geriatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of opioid-free anesthesia in geriatric patients undergoing hip surgery.