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Study on Conventional Drinking Water Treatment for Removing Emerging Contaminants: A Literature Review

污染 环境科学 水污染 受污染的水 废物管理 环境化学 环境规划 化学 工程类 生物 生态学
作者
Hana Azzahra,Ainul Firdatun Nisaa,Mas Agus Mardyanto
出处
期刊:IOP conference series [IOP Publishing]
卷期号:1307 (1): 012013-012013 被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/1307/1/012013
摘要

Abstract Emerging contaminants (ECs) are substances that can be synthetic or natural, or even microorganisms that are usually not monitored in the environment and could be harmful to the environment and human health. These chemicals can include pharmaceuticals, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, and industrial chemicals, e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Common conventional drinking water treatment plants (CDWTP) are not designed to remove emerging contaminants, so these compounds can enter the water system and affect the drinking water treatment process. This study aims to focus on the performance of CDWTP in removing ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and PFOA parameters, as well as determine suitable water treatment units to eliminate these parameters from the system. An extensive literature review was conducted and further analysed using descriptive and qualitative analysis to understand the unit performance in removing emerging contaminants, followed by the simple simulation to determine the types of advanced drinking water treatment facilities that perform better in eliminating ECs. The results show that CDWTP could reduce ibuprofen concentration in water with 40%, 20%, and 36% efficiency through coagulation-flocculation, sand filtration, and disinfection, respectively. Acetaminophen removal is up to 67%, 51%, and 66.45% during coagulation-flocculation, sand filtration, and disinfection, respectively. However, PFOA removal is only up to 5%, 7%, and 2% during coagulation-flocculation, sand filtration, and disinfection, respectively. Membrane treatment technology with reverse osmosis could remove ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and PFOA compounds more effectively with removal efficiencies of 99.99%, 96%, and 100%, respectively.
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