医学
免疫疗法
肺癌
雌激素
肿瘤科
雌激素受体
癌症
癌症研究
免疫学
内科学
乳腺癌
作者
Maria A. Velez,Timothy F. Burns,Laura P. Stabile
出处
期刊:Immunotherapy
[Future Medicine]
日期:2019-09-01
卷期号:11 (13): 1161-1176
被引量:8
标识
DOI:10.2217/imt-2019-0024
摘要
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of about 18%. Thus, there is a great need for novel therapeutic approaches to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes for a subset of patients, especially those with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and/or high tumor mutational burden, but have failed in the majority of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the estrogen signaling pathway may be a therapeutic target in metastatic NSCLC and that the estrogen pathway may play a role in sex-based responses to ICIs. This report will review the epidemiologic, preclinical and clinical data on the estrogen pathway in NSCLC, its implications in sex-based responses to ICIs and the potential use of antiestrogen therapy in combination with ICIs.
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