An 8,000-year History of Use and Abuse of Opium and Opioids: How That Matters For A Successful Control Of The Epidemic ? (P4.9-055)

鸦片 医学 麻醉 急诊医学 历史 考古
作者
Sankar Bandyopadhyay
出处
期刊:Neurology [Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]
卷期号:92 (15_supplement) 被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.1212/wnl.92.15_supplement.p4.9-055
摘要

Objective: To study the roots of opioid use. Background: The recent declaration of opioid-abuse crisis in the US, with 33,091 deaths in 2015 from overdosing, warrants cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys. Design/Methods: Analyzing published information. Results: 8000 year-old hardened Sumerian clay-tablets are the earliest prescriptions of opium. Ancient Greeks, Indians, Chinese, Egyptians, Romans, Arabs, people in middle ages, Europeans from renaissance to now, knew opium as an ever-approved next-door medicine-a panacea for all maladies. References in the Odyssey and the Bible, and use by known leaders and minds like Homer, Franklin, Napoleon, Coleridge, Poe, Shelly, Quincy, Hitler and many more, have removed the label of immorality from its use. Wounded soldiers, from the American Civil, British Crimean, and Prussian French wars, were allowed to abuse the drug. By 1830s one third of all lethal poisoning was due to opium-marking the first recognition of a social evil. Isolation of Morphine from opium by Serterner in Germany in 1805, hypodermic syringe by Pranez in 1850s, synthesis of morphine by Tschudi in 1952, and manufacturing of synthetic derivatives-called opioids and Heroin eased the use. Recognition of subjective pain as the fifth vital sign, with pressure on providers to prescribe scheduled medicines, added additional strokes to this menace of prehistoric dimensions-the OPIOID EPIDEMIC, which shreds 13% high school seniors every year. Discovery of mu receptors-the mouthpiece of opioids in virtually all animals and plants high-up from yeasts, endogenous endorphin and encephalin in humans as the quintessential stress and pain disposal systems, link opium to our survival. Genetic factors for opioid specific heritable vulnerability contributes to nearly 50% of abuse. Prevalence of mood disorders in today’s world, add substantial susceptibility. Conclusions: This nemesis has anchors on history, culture, mythology, religion, biology, genetics and psychology. A thorough knowledge of the upstream is necessary for a successful downstream regulation. Disclosure: Dr. Bandyopadhyay has nothing to disclose.

科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI
更新
PDF的下载单位、IP信息已删除 (2025-6-4)

科研通是完全免费的文献互助平台,具备全网最快的应助速度,最高的求助完成率。 对每一个文献求助,科研通都将尽心尽力,给求助人一个满意的交代。
实时播报
刚刚
WY关闭了WY文献求助
2秒前
tjfwg发布了新的文献求助10
3秒前
hhhhhh发布了新的文献求助10
4秒前
ding应助fengliurencai采纳,获得10
5秒前
荔枝完成签到 ,获得积分10
5秒前
6秒前
幸福大白发布了新的文献求助10
6秒前
hanleiharry1发布了新的文献求助10
7秒前
时笙发布了新的文献求助10
8秒前
10秒前
10秒前
翻斗花园小美完成签到,获得积分10
11秒前
13秒前
共享精神应助讨厌科研采纳,获得10
14秒前
余南发布了新的文献求助10
14秒前
15秒前
李子发布了新的文献求助10
15秒前
16秒前
量子星尘发布了新的文献求助10
18秒前
18秒前
18秒前
双楠应助SAVP采纳,获得10
19秒前
oui发布了新的文献求助10
20秒前
朴实桐应助花痴的语堂采纳,获得10
20秒前
20秒前
科目三应助东晓采纳,获得10
21秒前
loski发布了新的文献求助10
21秒前
清爽如雪完成签到 ,获得积分10
21秒前
Orange应助hanleiharry1采纳,获得10
24秒前
王海海发布了新的文献求助10
24秒前
25秒前
Xin发布了新的文献求助10
25秒前
mrx完成签到,获得积分20
26秒前
27秒前
孙燕应助光热效应采纳,获得30
30秒前
朴实桐应助花痴的语堂采纳,获得10
31秒前
香香完成签到,获得积分10
32秒前
大脑袋媛媛完成签到,获得积分10
33秒前
夏日发布了新的文献求助10
35秒前
高分求助中
A new approach to the extrapolation of accelerated life test data 1000
ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 12th edition 500
‘Unruly’ Children: Historical Fieldnotes and Learning Morality in a Taiwan Village (New Departures in Anthropology) 400
Indomethacinのヒトにおける経皮吸収 400
Phylogenetic study of the order Polydesmida (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) 370
基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术泄漏气体检测系统的研究 350
Robot-supported joining of reinforcement textiles with one-sided sewing heads 320
热门求助领域 (近24小时)
化学 材料科学 医学 生物 工程类 有机化学 生物化学 物理 内科学 纳米技术 计算机科学 化学工程 复合材料 遗传学 基因 物理化学 催化作用 冶金 细胞生物学 免疫学
热门帖子
关注 科研通微信公众号,转发送积分 3989390
求助须知:如何正确求助?哪些是违规求助? 3531487
关于积分的说明 11254109
捐赠科研通 3270153
什么是DOI,文献DOI怎么找? 1804887
邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动 882087
科研通“疑难数据库(出版商)”最低求助积分说明 809174