肽聚糖
细胞壁
细菌细胞结构
细菌
青霉素结合蛋白
抗生素
青霉素
微生物学
细胞
革兰氏阴性菌
革兰氏阳性菌
酶
生物
生物化学
化学
大肠杆菌
基因
遗传学
作者
Jarrod W. Johnson,Jed F. Fisher,Shahriar Mobashery
标识
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06813.x
摘要
Many Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria recycle a significant proportion of the peptidoglycan components of their cell walls during their growth and septation. In many—and quite possibly all—bacteria, the peptidoglycan fragments are recovered and recycled. Although cell‐wall recycling is beneficial for the recovery of resources, it also serves as a mechanism to detect cell‐wall–targeting antibiotics and to regulate resistance mechanisms. In several Gram‐negative pathogens, anhydro‐MurNAc‐peptide cell‐wall fragments regulate AmpC β‐lactamase induction. In some Gram‐positive organisms, short peptides derived from the cell wall regulate the induction of both β‐lactamase and β‐lactam–resistant penicillin‐binding proteins. The involvement of peptidoglycan recycling with resistance regulation suggests that inhibitors of the enzymes involved in the recycling might synergize with cell‐wall–targeted antibiotics. Indeed, such inhibitors improve the potency of β‐lactams in vitro against inducible AmpC β‐lactamase–producing bacteria. We describe the key steps of cell‐wall remodeling and recycling, the regulation of resistance mechanisms by cell‐wall recycling, and recent advances toward the discovery of cell‐wall–recycling inhibitors.
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