Physiological Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)—A Review

Marine lipids have long been documented to be the major source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially n-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3). Both EPA and DHA have been documented to have significant influence on biochemical and physiological changes in the body. Although these long chain PUFA exert positive influences on human nutrition and health, there are also some controversies pertaining to the functioning of these n-3 PUFAs including the extent of their requirement by the body. As marine lipids have been thoroughly reviewed often, the present review mainly focuses on works related to physiological effects of EPA and DHA.