Trends, predictors, and outcomes of major bleeding after transcatheter aortic valve implantation, from national inpatient sample (2011–2018)

Major bleeding remains one of the most frequent complications seen in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes, trends, and predictors of major bleeding in patients undergoing TAVI.We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from the year 2011 to 2018. Baseline characteristics were compared using a Pearsonχ2 test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U-Test for continuous variables. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate predictors of major bleeding. Propensity Matching was done for adjusted analysis to compare outcomes in TAVI with and without major bleeding.A total of 215,938 weighted hospitalizations for TAVI were included in the analysis. Of the patient undergoing the procedure, 20,102 (9.3%) had major bleeding and 195,836 (90.7%) patients did not have in-hospital bleeding events. Patients in the major bleeding cohort were older and had greater female gender representation. At baseline patients with thrombocytopenia (Odds Ratio [OR], 1.47[confidence interval (CI), 1.36-1.59]), colon cancer (OR, 1.70[CI, 1.27-2.28]), coagulopathy (OR, 1.17[CI, 1.08-1.27]), liver disease (OR, 1.31[CI, 1.21-1.41]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 1.29[CI, 1.25-1.33]), congestive heart failure (OR, 1.12[CI, 1.08-1.16]), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (OR, 1.47[CI, 1.38-1.57]) had higher adjusted rates of major bleeding. The percentage of adjusted in-hospital mortality (14.4% vs. 4.2%, P < 0.01) was significantly higher in the major bleeding group Patients with major bleeding had higher median cost of stay ($235,274 vs. $177,920) and length of stay (7 vs 3 days).In conclusion, we report that mortality is higher in patients with major bleeding and that baseline comorbidities like ESRD, liver disease, coagulopathy and colonic malignancy are important predictors of this adverse event.