Molecular semiconductor blends: Microstructure, charge carrier transport, and application in photovoltaic cells

材料科学 载流子 双极扩散 光伏系统 半导体 有机太阳能电池 富勒烯 异质结 光电子学 有机半导体 微观结构 电子迁移率 化学物理 电子 聚合物 复合材料 化学 有机化学 生态学 物理 量子力学 生物
作者
Andreas Opitz,Julia Wagner,Wolfgang Brütting,Alexander Hinderhofer,Frank Schreiber
出处
期刊:Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science [Wiley]
卷期号:206 (12): 2683-2694 被引量:47
标识
DOI:10.1002/pssa.200925238
摘要

Abstract Ambipolar organic semiconductor blends, i.e. mixtures of electron and hole conducting materials, attain growing interest due to their utilization in quasi‐complementary organic field‐effect transistors and organic photovoltaic cells. Many investigations in the latter field have reported an increase of the solar cell efficiency by optimizing the balance between charge carrier transport in phase‐separated structures and exciton dissociation at the interface between these phases. Here we show the implications of blending molecular materials for structural, optical, and electrical properties in two model systems for organic photovoltaic cells. We have investigated blends and neat films of the hole transporting material Cu‐phthalocyanine (CuPc) together with fullerene C 60 and Cu‐hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F 16 CuPc) as electron transporting materials, respectively. On the one hand, the difference in molecular structure of the spherical C 60 and the planar molecule CuPc leads to nanophase separation in a blend of both of them, causing charge carrier transport being limited by the successful formation of percolation paths. On the other hand, blends of the similar shaped CuPc and F 16 CuPc molecules entail mixed crystalline films, as can be clearly seen by X‐ray scattering measurements. We discuss differences of both systems with respect to their microstructure as well as their electrical transport properties in diodes and field‐effect transistors. Furthermore, we compare the photovoltaic properties of planar‐ and bulk‐heterojunction devices under white light illumination to relate the different morphologies of both material systems to their performance in solar cells. magnified image Sketches of different molecular arrangements in blended systems. The formation of phase‐separated (left) or molecularly mixed crystalline films (right) can occur, depending on the geometry of the involved molecules.
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