Application of AI techniques and robotics in agriculture: A review

The aim of the proposed work is to review the various AI techniques (fuzzy logic (FL), artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial potential field (APF), simulated annealing (SA), ant colony optimization (ACO), artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), harmony search algorithm (HS), bat algorithm (BA), cell decomposition (CD) and firefly algorithm (FA)) in agriculture, focusing on expert systems, robots developed for agriculture, sensors technology for collecting and transmitting data, in an attempt to reveal their potential impact in the field of agriculture. None of the literature highlights the application of AI techniques and robots in (Cultivation, Monitoring, and Harvesting) to understand their contribution to the agriculture sector and the simultaneous comparison of each based on its usefulness and popularity. This work investigates the comparative analysis of three essential phases of agriculture: Cultivation, Monitoring, and Harvesting, by knowing the depth of AI involved and the robots utilized. The current study presents a systematic review of more than 150 papers based on the existing automation application in agriculture from 1960 to 2021. It highlights the future research gap in making intelligent autonomous systems in agriculture. The paper concludes with tabular data and charts comparing the frequency of individual AI approaches for specific applications in the agriculture field.