Lung microbiota and potential treatment of respiratory diseases

The unique microbiome found in the lungs has been studied and shown to be associated with both pulmonary homeostasis and lung diseases. The lung microbiome has the potential to produce metabolites that modulate host-microbe interactions. Specifically, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by certain strains of the lung microbiota have been shown to regulate immune function and maintain gut mucosal health. In response, this review described the distribution and composition of the microbiota in lung diseases and discussed the impact of the lung microbiota on health and lung disease. In addition, the review further elaborated on the mechanism of microbial metabolites in microbial-host interaction and their application in the treatment of lung diseases. A better understanding of the interaction between the microbiota, metabolites, and host will provide potential strategies for the development of novel methods for the treatment of pulmonary microbial induced lung diseases.