雌激素
雌激素受体
神经干细胞
性别分化
雌激素受体
神经科学
大脑发育
生物
雌激素受体α
认知
受体
激素
神经发育
心理学
干细胞
内分泌学
细胞生物学
遗传学
癌症
基因
乳腺癌
作者
Ivan Nalvarte,Mukesh Varshney,José Inzunza,Jan-Ακε Gustafsson
标识
DOI:10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.007
摘要
The female sex hormone estradiol (E2, 17β-estradiol) has important functions in the developing brain. In addition to regulating sexual differentiation of the brain, E2 participates in the development of brain areas involved in functions unrelated to reproduction, such as cognition. E2 signals mainly thorough two estrogen receptors; estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ). While ERα has distinct functions for sexual imprinting of the developing brain, ERβ is considered to participate in the development of brain areas related to cognitive function. In this chapter we will focus on ERβ's role during neural development. We will discuss the contributions of sex chromosomal and sex hormonal effects in this process and place it in relation to recent data on ERβ obtained from stem cell models. Finally, we will discuss the lessons learned from mouse and stem cell models in understanding ERβ's role in neural development and how new stem cell models, by addressing the human relevance, may help to advance our progress in this field.
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