The Development of Industrial Heterogeneous Catalysis

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction The Raw Materials Situation Inorganic Base Chemicals Petroleum Refining Coal and Natural Gas Processing The Base Chemicals Olefins and Aromatics Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones Alcohols Methanol Ethanol 2‐Propanol Ethers Aldehydes Acids, Esters, Anhydrides, and Epoxides Acids, Esters, Anhydrides Acetic Acid Epoxides Halogenated Chemicals The Fine Chemicals Catalytic Hydrogenation Hydrogenation of Carbon–Carbon Multiple Bonds Hydrogenation of Carbon–Oxygen and Carbon–Nitrogen Multiple Bonds Reductive Amination Nitrile Hydrogenation Hydrogenation of Nitro Groups Catalysis on Solid Acids and Bases Aromatic Substitution (Friedel–Crafts Alkylation and Acylation) Amination Rearrangement, Isomerization Oxidation Catalysis Oxidation of Alcohols and Aldehydes Epoxidation and Aromatic Ring Hydroxylation Environmental Catalysis Cleaning of Automobile Emissions Removal of Harmful Emissions from Stationary Sources Wastewater Treatment Fuel Cell Catalysis Photocatalytic Applications