Design and engineering of heterogeneous nitroxide-mediated catalytic systems for selective oxidation: Efficiency and sustainability

Nitroxide-mediated catalytic systems have been widely used for selective oxidation with superior catalytic performance. From economic and environmental points of view, heterogeneous nitroxide-mediated catalytic systems are highly desirable for practical and industrial applications. In this review we highlight recent works addressing the topic of design and engineering of heterogeneous nitroxide-mediated catalytic systems. Four types of heterogeneous nitroxide-mediated catalytic systems, including transition metal-based nitroxide-mediated catalytic systems, transition-metal-free nitroxide-mediated catalytic systems, laccase-based nitroxide-mediated catalytic systems, and nitroxide-mediated electrocatalytic systems, will be reviewed. The systematic evaluation and engineering of these catalytic systems are essential for rational design of efficient and sustainable systems.