CuO and CuO-based nanocomposites: Synthesis and applications in environment and energy

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and nanocomposites have gained attention worldwide due to their unique characteristics and properties, followed by numerous applications in the field of environment and energy. Various synthesis techniques for CuO nanomaterials and their potential applications are discussed in this article. The traditional and green synthesis techniques are thoroughly studied, and the effect of reaction conditions on the fabricated nanoparticles is also investigated. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis techniques and how to overcome them are also discussed. In addition, the characterization and physicochemical properties are correspondingly studied. This review also focuses on the potential applications such as environmental remediation, including sensing, adsorption, and photodegradation of toxic contaminants, CO2 reduction. Furthermore, energy operations that include energy production devices like water splitting and fuel cells and energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are discussed. Therefore, the upsurge of copper oxide-based nanocomposite and the journey will inspire the modern generation of chemists to modify and design robust nanoparticles and their nanocomposites that can effectively tackle substantial environmental challenges. This overview concludes by providing future perspectives on CuO research in synthesis and its various applications.