激励
钥匙(锁)
控制(管理)
碳纤维
还原(数学)
光学(聚焦)
组分(热力学)
业务
温室气体
环境经济学
运营管理
经济
计算机科学
微观经济学
计算机安全
管理
复合数
物理
光学
几何学
热力学
生物
数学
生态学
算法
作者
Ioannis Ioannou,Shelley Xin Li,George Serafeim
出处
期刊:The Accounting Review
[American Accounting Association]
日期:2015-10-01
卷期号:91 (5): 1467-1492
被引量:167
摘要
ABSTRACT Targets are an integral component of management control systems and play a significant role in achieving desirable performance outcomes. We focus on a key environmental performance objective—reduction of carbon emissions—as a setting in which to examine how target difficulty affects the degree of target completion in long-term non-financial performance. We use a novel dataset compiled by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and find that firms setting more difficult targets complete a higher percentage of such targets. We also find that this effect is negatively moderated by the provision of monetary incentives. We corroborate this evidence by showing that target difficulty is more effective for carbon reduction projects requiring more novel knowledge and in high-pollution industries. We discuss limitations and suggest avenues for future research.
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