[The ten-year retrospect of nutrition and health status of pregnant women in China].

Improvement of the nutrition and health status of pregnant women should be one of the top priority strategies of improving the physical fitness of next generation and reserve of talented person for national sustainable development. This paper reviews the nutrition and health status of pregnant women in China over the recent ten years and discusses the underlying factors and changing trends. The most popular nutrition-related problem is dietary imbalance, and many micronutrient intakes are lower than the recommended dietary intakes or adequate intakes, and some of nutrient intakes are still at a very low level for a long time such as vitamin D and calcium. The nutrition-related health problems are mainly anemia, vitamin D and vitamin A deficiencies; iodine intake is not in optimal state with a large proportion of inadequate and individual cases facing excessive intake risk. Overweight and obesity, pregnancy complications such as gastrocnemius muscle spasms, pregnancy hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes were prevalent among pregnant women. We should address both malnutrition and nutrition imbalance in the same time in order to improve the nutrition and health status of pregnant women, by developing and implementing relevant laws and regulations, giving higher attention to pregnant women with advanced age, which in turns prevent a variety of micronutrient deficiencies, reduce adverse pregnant outcomes, and improve nutrition and health status of maternal and child.关注和改善孕妇的营养与健康状况，将对提高下一代身体素质和国家可持续发展的人才储备具有重要战略意义。本文综述了近十年我国孕妇的营养与健康状况，探讨影响因素与发展趋势。大部分地区孕妇膳食中存在的问题是膳食不平衡，多种微量营养素摄入量偏低，有些营养素（如维生素D和钙）仍然长期处于较低水平。孕妇存在的营养问题主要是贫血、维生素D和维生素A缺乏,碘营养状况不容乐观，有较大比例为不足，个别情况下存在碘摄入过量风险等。存在的常见疾病包括超重与肥胖、妊娠合并症（如腓肠肌痉挛、妊娠期高血压疾病和妊娠期糖尿病等）。需要关注我国孕妇的营养与健康状况改善，主动应对双重挑战（营养不良和营养失衡），贯彻落实相关法律法规，关注和研究高龄妊娠相关问题，预防多种微量营养素缺乏，降低不良妊娠结局，改善母婴营养与健康状况。.