摘要
Immunological ReviewsVolume 136, Issue 1 p. 5-28 Immunosuppressive and other Effects of Mycophenolic Acid and an Ester Prodrug, Mycophenolate Mofetil Anthony C. Allison, Corresponding Author Anthony C. Allison Syntex Research, Palto Alto, CA, U.S.A.*Correspondence should be addressed to A.C. Allison. 2513 Hastings Drive, Belmont, CA 94002. U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorElsie M. Eugui, Elsie M. Eugui Syntex Research, Palto Alto, CA, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author Anthony C. Allison, Corresponding Author Anthony C. Allison Syntex Research, Palto Alto, CA, U.S.A.*Correspondence should be addressed to A.C. Allison. 2513 Hastings Drive, Belmont, CA 94002. U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorElsie M. Eugui, Elsie M. Eugui Syntex Research, Palto Alto, CA, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1993.tb00652.xCitations: 284AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Alfieri, C., Allison, A. C., & Kieffe, E. (1993) Effect of mycophenolic acid on Epstein-Barr virus infection of human B-lymphocytes. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy (submitted). Allison, A. C. Almquist, S. J., Muller, C. D. & Eugui, E. M. (1991) In vitro immunosuppressive effects of mycophenolic acid and an ester prodrug, RS-61443. Transplant. Proc. 23[suppl 2]. 10. Allison, A. C., Hovi, T. Watts R. W. E. & Webster, A. D. B. (1975) Immunological observations on patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and on the role of de novo purine synthesis in lymphocyte transformation. Lancet 11, 1179. Allison, A. C. & Eugui, E. M. (1993) The design and development of an immunosuppressive drug, mycophenolate mofetil. Springer Seminars in Immunopathology 14, 353. Allison, A. C. Hovi, T. Watts, R. W. E. & Webster, A. D. B. (1977) The role of de novo purine synthesis in lymphocyte transformation. Ciba Found. Symp. 48, 207. Allison, A. C. Kowalski, W. J., Muller, C. J., Waters, R. V. & Eugui, F. M. (1993) Mycophenolic acid and brequinar, inhibitors of purine and pyrimidine synthesis, block the glycosylation of adhesion molecules. Transplant. Proc. 25 [suppl 2]. 67. Altmann, D. M., Hogg, N., Trowsdale, J. & Wilkinson, D. (1989) Cotransfection of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR reconstitutes human antigen-presenting function in mouse L cells. Nature 338, 512. Baker, G. L., Kahl, L. B. & Zee, B. C. (1987) Malignancy following treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cyclophosphamide: a long-term case-control follow-up study. Am. J. Med. 83, 1. Bennett, W. M. & Pulliam, J. P. (1983) Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Ann. Int. Med. 99, 851. Billingham, M. E. (1989) Graft coronary disease: the lesions and the patients. Transplant. Proc. 21, 3665. Chang, C-C, Aversa, G., Punnoven, J., Yssel, H. & de Vries, J. E. (1993) Brequinar sodium, mycophenolic acid and cyclosporin A inhibit different stages of IL-4 or IL-13-induced IgG4 and IgE prouction in vitro Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (in press). Clarke, L. & Waxman, D. J. (1989) Oxidative metabolism of cyclophophamide: identification of the hepatic monooxygenase catalysts of drug activation. Cancer Res. 49, 2344. Dayton, J. S., Turka, L. A., Thompson, C. B. & Mitchell, B. S. (1992) Comparison of the effects of mizoribine with those of azathioprine. 6-mercatopurine and mycophenolic acid on T-lymphocyte proliferation and purine ribonucleotide metabolism. Mol Pharmacol. 41, 671. De Neve, W., Valeriote, R. Edelstein, M., Everette, C. & Bischoff, M. (1989) In vitro DNA cross-linking by cyclophosphamide: comparison of human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells with mouse L1210 leukemia and normal bone marrow cells. Cancer Res. 49, 3452. Elices, M., Osborn, L., Takada, Y., Crause, C., Luhowskyj S., Hemler, M. & Lobb, R. K. (1990) VCAM-I on activated endothelium interacts with the leukocyte integrin VLA-4 at a site distinct from the fibronectin binding site. Cell 60 577. Elion, G. B. (1989) The purine path to chemotherapy. Science 344, 41. Eugui, F. M., Almquist, S., Muller, C. D. & Allison, A. C. (1991a) Lymphocyte-selective cytostatic and immunosuppressive effects of mycophenolic acid in vitro: role of deoxyguanosine nucleotide depletion. Scand. J. Immunol. 33, 161. Eugui, E. M., Mirkovich, A. & Allison, A. C. (1991b) Lymphocyte-selective antiproliferative and immunosuppressive effects of mycophenolic acid in mice. Scand. J. Immunol. 33, 175. Foegh, M. L. (1990) Chronic rejection-graft arteriosclerosis. Transplant. Proc. 22, 119. Foster, M. C. Wenham, P. W., Rowe, P. A., Berden, R. P., Morgan, A. G., Cotton, R. E. & Blamey, R. W. (1989) The late results of renal transplantation and the importance of chronic rejection as a cause of graft loss. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 71, 44. Franklin, T. J. & Cook, J. M. (1969) The inhibition of nucleic add synthesis by mycophenolic acid, Biochem J 113, 515. Freise, C. E., Hebert, M., Osorio, R. W., Nikolai, B., Loke, J. R., Kauffman, R. S., Ascher, N. L. & Roberts, J- P. (1993) Maintenance immunosuppression with predinisone and RS-61443 alone following liver transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 25, 1758. Furst, D. E., Koeluke, R., Burmeister, L. F., Kohler, J. & Cargill, I. (1989) Increasing methotrexate response with increasing dose in the treatment of resistant rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheum. 16, 313. Garcia, R. C., Leoni, P. & Allison, A. C. (1977) Control of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthesis in human lymphocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 77, 1067. Giblett, E. R., Anderson, J. E., Cohen, F. & Meuwissen, H.J. (1972) Adenosine deaminase deficiency two patients with severely impaired cellular immunity. Lancet II, 1067. Gomez, E. C. Menendez, L. & Frost, R. (1979) Efficacy of mycophenolic acid for the treatment of psoriasis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1, 531. Gregory, C. D., Murray, R. J., Edwards, C.F., & Rickinson, A. D. (1988) Down regulation of cell adhesion molecules LFA-3 and ICAM-1 in Epstein-Barr virus-positive Burkitt's lymphoma underlies tumor cell escape from virus-specific T cell surveillance. J. Exp. Med. 167, 1811. Gregory, C. R., Pratt, R. E., Huie, P., Shorthouse, R., Dzau, V. J., Billingham, M. E. & Morris, R. E. (1993) Effects of treatment with cyclosporine, FK506, rapamycin, mycophenolic acid, or deoxyspergaulin on vascular muscle proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Transpl. Proc. 25, 770. Hanto, D. W., Gajl-Peczalskia, K. J. & Frizzera, G. (1983) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases occurring after renal transplantation. Clinical, pathological and virologic findings and implications for therapy. Am. Surg. 193, 356. Hao, L., Calcinaro, F., Lafferty, K. J., Allison, A. C. & Eugui, E. M. (1991) Tolerance induction in adult mice: cyclosporine inhibits RS-61443-induced tolerance. Transplant. Proc. 23 [suppl 2], 733. Hao, L., Lafferty, K. J., Allison, A. C., & Eugui, E. M. (1990) RS-61443 allows islet allografting and specific tolerance induction in adult mice. Transplant. Proc. 22, 1659. Herlia, P., Murelli, L., Scotti, M., Paolini, M. & Cantelli-Fonti, G. (1988) Organ specific activation of azathioprine in mice: role of liver metabolism in mutation induction. Carcinogenesis 9, 1011. Hirata, S., Matsuhara, T., Saura, R., Tateishi, H. & Hirohata, K. (1989) Inhibition of in vitro vascular endothelia] cell proliferation and in vivo vascularization by low-dose methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 32, 1065. Hovi, T., Allison, A. C. & Allsop, J. (1975) Rapid increase of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate concentration after mitogenic stimulation lymphocytes. FEBS Lett. 55, 291. Hovi, T., Allison, A. C., Raivio, K. O. & Vaheri, A. (1977) Purine metabolism and control of cell proliferation. Ciba Found. Symp. 48, 225. Isobe, M., Yagita, H., Okumura, K. & Ihara, A. (1992) Specific acceptance of cardiac allograft after treatment with antibodies to ICAM-1 and LFA-1. Science 225, 1125. Jolivet J., Cowan, K. H., Curt, G. A., Clendeninn, N. J. & Chabner, B. A. (1983). The pharmacology and clinical use of methotrexate. New Engl J. Med. 309, 1094. Klein, G. & Klein, E. (1989) How one thing has led to another. Annu. Rev. Immunol 7, 1. Kornfeld, R. & Kornfeld, S. (1980) Structure of glycoproteins and their oligosaccharide units. In: W. J. Lennarz, (ed). Biochemistry glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Plenum Press, New York , pp. 1–37. Korsmeyer, S. S. (1992) Chromosomal translocations in lymphoid malignancies reveal novel proto-oncogenes. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 10, 785. Koyama, H. & Tsuji, M. (1983) Genetic and biochemical studies on the activation and cytotoxic mechanism of bredinin, a potent inhibitor of purine biosynthesis in mammalian cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 32, 35. Lasky, L. A. (1992) Selectins: interpreters of cell-specific carbohydrate information during inflammation. Science 258, 964. Lawrence, M. B. & Springer, T. A. (1991) Leukocytes roll on a selectin at physiologic flow rates: distinction from and prerequisite for adhesion through integrins. Cell 65, 859. Lee, W. A., Gu, L., Miksztal, A. R., Chu, N., Leung, K. & Nelson, P. H. (1990) Bioavailability improvement of mycophenolic acid through amino ester derivitization. Pharm. Res. 7, 161. Levine, L. A. & Jarrard, D. F. (1993) Treatment of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis with intravesical carboprost tromethamine. J. Urology 149, 719. Lowe, J. B., Stoolman, L. M., Nair, R. P. Larsen, R. D., Berbend, T. L. & Marks, R. M. (1990) ELAM-1 -dependent cell adhesion to vascular endothelium determined by a transfected human fucosyltransferase cDNA. Cell 63, 475. McManus, R. P., O'Hair, D. P. Hunter, J. B. & Komrowski, R. (1992) Spectrum of vascular changes in primate cardiac xenografts. Transplant. Proc. 24, 619. Mitsui, A. & Suzuki, S. (1969) Immunosuppressive effect of mycophenolic acid. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 22, 358. Morris, R. E., Hoyt, E. G., Murphy, M. P., Eugui, E. M. & Allison, A. C. (1990) Mycophenolic acid morpholinoethylester (RS-61443) is a new immunosuppressant that prevents and halts heart allograft rejection by selective inhibition of T and B cell purine synthesis. Transplant. Proc. 11, 1659. Morris, R. E., Wang, J., Blum, J. R., Flavin, T., Murphy, M. P., Almquist, S. J., Chu, N., Tam, Y. L., Kaloostian, M., Allison, A. C. & Eugui, E. M. (1991) Immunosuppressive effects of the morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (RS-61443) in rat and nonhuman primate recipients of heart allografts. Transplant. Proc. 23 [suppl 2], 19. Natsumeda, Y. & Carr, S. F. (1993) Human type I and II IMPDH as drug targets. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (in press). Palmer, D. C. Tsai, C. C. Roodman, S.T., Codd, J. E., Miller, L. W., Safarian, J. E. & Williams, G. A. (1985) Heart graft artherosclerosis. Transplantation 39, 385. Penn, I. (1988) Tumors of the immunocompromised patient. Annu. Rev. Med. 39, 63. Peters, G. J., Ooosterhof, A. & Verkamp, J. H. (1982) Effects of adenosine and deoxyadenosine on PHA-stimulation of lymphocytes of man, horse and pig. Int. J. Biochem. 14, 377. Platz, K. P. Eckhoff, D., Bechstein, W. O., Suzuki, Y. & Sollinger, H. W. (1991) RS-61443 for reversal of acute rejection in canine renal allografts. Surgery 110, 736. Platz, K. P., Sollinger, H. W., Hullett, D. A., Eckhoff, D. E., Eugui, E. M. & Allison, A. C. (1990) RS-61443, a new potent immunosuppressive agent. Transplantation 51, 27. Rademacher, T. W., Parekh, R. B. & Dwek, R. A. (1988) Glycobiology. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 57, 785. Richman, D. D., Kornbluth, R. S. & Carson, P. A. (1987) Failure of dideoxynucleosides to inhibit HIV replication in cultured human macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 166, 1144. Rickinson, A. B., Rowe, M., Hart, U., Yoa, O. Y., Henderson, L. E., Robin, H. & Epstein, M. A. (1984) T-cell-mediated regression of “spontaneous” and Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation in vitro: studies with cyclosporin A. Cell Immunol. 87, 646. Rosenberg, A. S. & Singer, A. (1992) Cellular basis of skin graft rejection: an in vivo model of immune-mediated tissue destruction. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 10, 333. Sakaguchi, K., Tsujino, M. & Yoshizawa, M. (1975) Action of bredinin on mammalian cells. Cancer Res. 35, 1643. Schiff, M. H., Goldblum, R. & Rees, M. M. C. (1990) 2-morpholino-ethyl mycophenolic acid (ME-MPA) in the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Arthritis Rheum. 33, s155. Sollinger, H. W., Deierhoi, M. H., Belzer, F. O., Diethelm, A. & Kauffman, R. S. (1992) RS-61443 - a phase I clinical trial and pilot rescue study. Transplantation 53, 428. Steele, D. M., Hullett, D. A., Bechstein, W. O., Kowalski, W. J., Smith, L. S., Kennedy, F. Allison, A. C. & Sollinger, H. W. (1993) Effects of immunosuppressive therapy in the rat aortic allograft model. Transplant. Proc. 25, 754. Stryer, L. (1988) Biosynthesis of nucleotides. In: Biochemistry. 3rd ed. W. H. Freeman, New York , pp. 602–626. Tiemeyer, M., Swiedler, S. J., Ishibara, M., Merlland, M., Schweingruber, H., Hertzer, P. & Brandley, B. K. (1991) Carbohydrate ligands for endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 88, 1138. Verham, R., Meek, T. D., Hedstrom, L. & Wang, C. C. (1987) Purification, characterization and kinetic analysis of inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase of Trichomonas foetus. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol 24, 1. Watson, S. R., Fennie, C. & Lasky, L. A. (1991) Neutrophil influx into an inflammatory site inhibited by a soluble bearing receptor-Ig chimaera. Nature 349, 164. Woldberg, G. (1988) Antipurines and purine metabolism. Handb. Exp. Pharm. 85, 517. Citing Literature Volume136, Issue1December 1993Pages 5-28 ReferencesRelatedInformation