The metastasis-associated protein S100A4 promotes the inflammatory response of mononuclear cells via the TLR4 signalling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis

This is the first study to demonstrate that S100A4 can induce an inflammatory response mediated by TLR4 and by the activation of NF-κB and the kinases p38 and ERK1/2 in mononuclear cells from patients with RA. Therefore S100A4 may be a potential therapeutic target for immune-mediated diseases.