Photocatalytic Water Splitting on Semiconductor-Based Photocatalysts

Photocatalytic hydrogen production via solar water splitting is one of the most promising solutions for sustainable energy and environmental remedy issues. In the past few decades, photocatalytic water splitting has attracted increasing attention, and extensive efforts have been made to construct efficient heterogeneous water-splitting systems. In this chapter, we review the fundamental scientific advances in photocatalytic water splitting using semiconductor-based photocatalyst, especially in light-absorbing materials, photogenerated charge separation, dual-cocatalyst, and surface catalytic reactions. The chapter focuses on the advances achieved in particulate photocatalyst systems, Z-scheme photocatalyst systems, and hybrid natural–artificial photosynthesis systems. Additionally, technical and economic evaluation of hydrogen production via solar water splitting for potential applications is also briefly discussed. Finally, we present concluding remarks and future directions of photocatalytic water splitting for solar energy conversion.