Element Regulation and Dimensional Engineering Co-Optimization of Perovskite Memristors for Synaptic Plasticity Applications

Capitalizing on rapid carrier migration characteristics and outstanding photoelectric conversion performance, halide perovskite memristors demonstrate an exceptional resistive switching performance. However, they have consistently faced constraints due to material stability issues. This study systematically employs elemental modulation and dimension engineering to effectively control perovskite memristors with different dimensions and A-site elements. Compared to pure 3D and 2D perovskites, the quasi-2D perovskite memristor, specifically BA0.15MA0.85PbI3, is identified as the optimal choice through observations of resistive switching (HRS current < 10–5 A, ON/OFF ratio > 103, endurance cycles > 1000, and retention time > 104 s) and synaptic plasticity characteristics. Subsequently, a comprehensive investigation into various synaptic plasticity aspects, including paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), spike-variability-dependent plasticity (SVDP), spike-rate-dependent plasticity (SRDP), and spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), is conducted. Practical applications, such as memory–forgetting–memory and recognition of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) database handwritten data set (accuracy rate reaching 94.8%), are explored and successfully realized. This article provides good theoretical guidance for synaptic-like simulation in perovskite memristors.